Kinking and chevron folding
Kink bands are common in well-laminated and anisotropic rocks rich in phyllosilicate minerals, and some field occurrences are shown in Figure 1. Kink bandsare centimetre to decimeter wide zones or … Read More
Category: Structural geology
Convolution
Convolute lamination or convolute bedding is a special type of intraformational deformation layering or lamination, characterized by meandering and winding laminates within a layer in concordant sequence with roof and … Read More
What Causes Rock to Deform?
Every body of rock, no matter how strong, has a point at which it will deform by bending or breaking. Deformation (de = out, forma = form) is a general … Read More
Slump and Rockslide
Slump Slump is an example of a rotational slide and refers to the downward sliding of a mass of rock or unconsolidated material moving as a unit along a curved … Read More
Slow Movements
Movements such as rockslides, rock avalanches, and lahars are certainly the most spectacular and catastrophic forms of mass wasting. These dangerous events deserve intensive study to enable more effective prediction, … Read More
Types of stress- deformation
Brittle deformation (fracturing and faulting) dominates in the upper crust, where the temperatures are comparatively cool. By contrast, at depths greater than about 10 kilometers (6 miles), where temperatures are … Read More
Time scale
Numbers on the time scale represent time in millions of years before present. Numerical dates were added long after the time scale was established using relative dating techniques.The dates on … Read More
Nonconformity
Basic types of contacts To understand the concept of nonconformity in the rock formation, it is important to mention the basic types of contacts between the rock layers. There are … Read More
Disconformity
A disconformity is a gap in the rock A disconformity is a gap in the rock record that represents a period of erosion rather than deposition. Imagine that a series … Read More