Bowen’s Reaction Series and the Composition of Igneous Rocks
Recall that ice freezes at a specific temperature, whereas basaltic magma crystallizes over a range of at least 200°C of cooling (about 1200° to 1000°C). […]
Mineralogy
Elements: Defined by Their Number of Protons
The simplest atoms have only 1 proton in their nuclei, whereas others have more than 100. The number of protons in the nucleus of an […]
Important Nonsilicate Minerals
List the common nonsilicate minerals and explain why each is important. Nonsilicate minerals are typically divided into groups, based on the negatively charged ion or […]
Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks
Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks We begin our discussion of Earth materials with an overview of mineralogy (mineral 5 mineral, ology 5 study of) because […]
Contact, or Thermal, Metamorphism
Contact metamorphism, or thermal metamorphism, occurs in Earth’s upper crust (low pressure), when rocks immediately surrounding a molten igneous body are “baked” (high temperature). Because […]
The giant Jiaodong gold province: The key to a unified model for orogenic gold deposits?
Introduction Groves et al. (1998), following Gebre-Mariam et al. (1995), defined the term orogenic gold deposit to obviate the necessity to refer to a wide […]
Effect of discrete fibre reinforcement on soil tensile strength
Introduction Compared with compressive or shear strength, tensile strength of soil is basically assumed to be zero, or insignificant in geotechnical engineering practice because of […]
Variscan cycling of gold into a global coal reservoir
Introduction In just a few years, awareness and interest in the resources of trace elements in coal has greatly increased (Tolhurst, 2015, Yao et al., […]
Rock mechanical modelling of the Bentonite Rock Interaction Experiment, Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, Sweden
Introduction An important task for a society that aims at sustainability is to be able to conceptualise, characterise and model different geological systems. The ability […]
The weathering of granitic rocks in a hyper-arid and hypothermal environment: A case study from the Sør-Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica
Introduction The weathering process in Antarctica is key to our understanding of the geomorphological processes that take place in hyper-arid and hypothermal environments on Earth. […]