Soil – Unsupported vertical trenches
Common problems The terms soil and earth are commonly referred to in the excavation process to describe the naturally occurring materials uncovered on a project. Soil conditions vary from one … Read More
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Landslide – Rockfall and Topple
FallsA fall begins with the detachment of soil or rock, or both, from a steep slope along a surface on which little or no shear displacement has occurred. The material … Read More
Deep foundation
A deep foundation is a type of foundation that transfers building loads to the earth farther down from the surface than a shallow foundation does to a subsurface layer or … Read More
Sinkholes in Karst
With few exceptions, the ground collapses that constitute the karst geohazard in engineering activity in limestone terrains are induced by human activity. Subsidence sinkholes, formed entirely within the soil profile, … Read More
How coal was formed-3 types
What once had been plants gradually turned into coal. Millions of years ago, dead plant matter fell into swampy water and over time, a thick layer of dead plants lay … Read More
How Climate Change Will Affect Western Groundwater
Climate models This graphic shows various ways that water can reach and recharge a groundwater aquifer: precipitation that percolates directly down into the aquifer; recharge from streams or runoff; water … Read More
Geophysical Surveys
The techniques of geophysical exploration involve the remote sensing of some physical property of the ground using instruments, which in most cases remain on the ground surface; therefore non-intrusive investigation. … Read More
How a Geysers work?
Geysers are intermittent hot springs or fountains in which columns of water are ejected with great force at various intervals, often rising 30 to 60 meters (100 to 200 feet) … Read More
Soil nailing
Soil nailing is a construction remedial measure to treat unstable natural soil slopes or as a construction technique that allows the safe over-steepening of new or existing soil slopes. The … Read More
Oceanic Ridges and Seafloor Spreading
Write a statement describing how spreading rates affect ridge topography. The greatest volume of magma (more than 60 percent of Earth’s total yearly output) is produced along the oceanic ridge … Read More