Geosciences
Inorganic Limestones Limestones having an inorganic origin form when chemical changes or high water temperatures increase the water’s concentration of calcium carbonate to the point that it precipitates. Travertine, the … Read More
Parent Material The source of the weathered mineral matter from which soils develop is called the parent material and is a major factor influencing newly forming soil. Gradually this weathered … Read More
From Magma to Crystalline Rock (Igneous rock) To better understand how magma crystallizes, let us consider how a simple crystalline solid melts. Recall that, in any crystalline solid, the ions … Read More
Soil liquefaction occurs when a saturated or partially saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress such as shaking during an earthquake or other sudden … Read More
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Salt diapirism, salt geometry and the flow of salt Salt structures Salt volumes in the crust have for a long time been known to take on a variety of geometric … Read More
Symbols used on topographic quadrangle maps produced by the U.S. Geological Survey. Control data and monuments Contours Boundaries Surface features Mines and caves Vegetation Glaciers and permanent snowfields Marine shoreline … Read More
The Devils Marbles Northern Territory, Australia An early Australian explorer trekking into central Australia found large, round boulders scattered across the surface, sometimes in huge stacks, and sometimes precariously balanced … Read More
What Is Granite Rock And How Is It Formed? What is Granite? Granite is a common type of granular and phaneritic felsic intrusive igneous rock. Granites, depending on their mineralogy, … Read More
